Липецкая газета. 1996 г. (г. Липецк)

Липецкая газета. 1996 г. (г. Липецк)

H M i | a M H H y B i u e r o 2 1 c e H T $ i6 p $ i 1 9 9 6 r . H e H Q K o p r e , a b n o M s i T M . . . Ns 181 ( 1 24 5 ) / ■ y H a u ie it n c T o pu K O -K pa e a e f l^ e cK O H c r p a n m K H a c e o o j i b i u e aB T o po B . n o n r o B b i e KOHBeprbi n p u H o c a r u n r e - p e c H e H iu n e , B c e r a a HeoMHAaHHbie M a r e p n a j i b i o a a n e - KOM M OJJH3KOM npOlUJIOM pOffHOrO KpaSt. BCTpe ta tOTCU H n y icbN ia , c o a e p jK a iu H e KpHTUKy H e K o to p b ix n y 6 / in K a - M mm , yK aaaH un n a o u i h 6 k h b oTffejibH b ix a aM eT xa x . )K a n b TOJibKO, 'iTO a m BGCbMa n o n e aH b ie n a G y n y m e e y roH H e - HUB n 3 / ta r a io T c s i h h o U p a 3 o B e n b yxc aana itbBUBO n o o t - HoiueHHHj K c aM o a e n r e n bH b iM n c c n e f fO B a r e n i iM m a p - xu B n cT aM . C n y H a e r c a , h t o h h u b p a G o m , S e a yc n o B H O , 3 a cn yx <n B a io u 4 n e annM aH na , H an eB a raTb b r a a e r e n p e n - CT aB /isteT ca aa rp y juH n ren bH b iM n 3 - 3 a n x G o / tb iu o r o o 6 b - GMa. r iooTOM y , c 6 /iaroaapHOCTbK> o G p a m a a c b x o b c g m H nTaTGJiBM n a a r o p a M tS b iJ to r o » h TBGp /to p a c cB H T b i- B a a n b fianbHGn iuGM n a h x coTpy/iHHBGCTBO n noMOUfb, n p o cH M y B n m a a T b orpaHHBGHHbiG b o 3 mo x ( h o c t h r a a o T - HOH n o n o c b i , a TBKMG BHHMarCJtbHGG BblBHTbiaaTb CBOn cT a rb i/ij BToGbi TaM, c p G f ln o G n n m p n ^ p , h mg h n n a - 3BaHnH, HG n p o c K a j ib 3 b ia a / iu oGn/tHbiG o n n c x n , o n G n a r - fCM. ) K m g m n n c G M ! ( U J l O E C ma p a$ i koMegusi nPEM bEPb i! XopoTeHbKoe coo6ufe- HHe B «Jir» nopaflOBano ^ MeHB; H3UI aKBAeMMHec- " m 8 Tearp roTOBMT ctteHH' MecKoe BonjiomeHMe " Ø - m F G m 7 G . UiaxoBCKoro «ypOK KOKCTXaM, MBM J1 7 > neuKMe aoAt>i». KoMeAMflf HanMcaHHan; KHflaeM MMSBCCTHbiMApa> MaryproM 4 JlMneipce cpa-; ay ace nocuie OreMecTBCH- Hoii Boi^HM 1 8 1 2 roA<>> c ran a secbMa nonyanpHa B POCCHM. A 4 ÙØÚ COSAaa M sBbICOKOnaTpMOTHMeCKOer H OMeHb CBeTiioe, >KH3Hepa^ AOCTHOe npotfSBeAeHMe^l CpCAH repoea «nMecbi» - 't io aT~ «B 0 3A i> *xaT eab » , MPOHMB no OTHOLUeHMIO Ki KOTopoMy He Meu iaer y ra - AaTb B H«M Hetcoropbie; HepTbi caM o ro BacHJiHn AMApeeBMMa IKyKOBCKoro. 3 t o 6bui He nepBbiM BunaA lUaxOBCKoro npOTMB ana- MeHHTOCTeif. B APynix " o - MeAMox OH TaKXce xapHxa- TypHO BbicTaBnna t o Ka- paMSHHa, TO KHB3R lUaJIM- KOBa... iOHbiM nyiuKMH, em e AMUeMCT, B CBtian C : netucHMH BOAaMM» nocnan < Aaxce APyxcecKoc nHCbMO XCyxoBcxoMy, SToSbi ABpxcaTb My reu jin » AiooK^i Moro MM no3Ta, nepecppa-!; anpoBaB HasBaHtie Haiuy* M ea tue ii nocraHOBKH : «/lMneuKMM noTon». A noa^: xce OH OTKAHKnyAPB iHaV: TBOpMeCTBO UlaxoBCKoro cTpoxaMM: «TaM BbiBen.; KOOKHH UJaXOBCKOM CBOHX KOMeAHM lUyMHUM P0M». UJaxoBCKOM BnepBbie B ! pyccKOM KOMeAHM y rs e p ' AMil cS-MXOTBOpHblii a<t>0 ' PM3M. AnexcaHAP Cepre - eBMM rpM6oeAoav:: TaiOKe nMcaeiuMA «rope o t yMa» Ha BMneuKofi aeMne 4 i lo - neBbix JIOKOTuaXj MpyxcMH* Kax M B HMeHMM AMMTTIOB- CKoe yAPyra CTenana M m - KMTOBMHa BenmeBa 4 1823 rOAy> BCneA aa tUaxoBC- XMM Toxce sBen 4 AManom paaroBopHyio acpopMOTH- Ky. EcTb Aaxce coenaAe- HWB. B o t npMMep. V lU a ' xoBCKoro a " ØÛ 4 G mu neAKMesoAU»c «Sl3bifCnyC' Tbix AiOAeM Bcero Ha CBe- T6 anee»; y TpM6oeAOBa; 4 « rop e OT yMa»: «Ax,/3iibie R3biKH CTpaujHee nMCTone-;: :-:Tai..» , Bute B 1810 roAy A GF K’ caHAP AneKcaHAPOBMH: UtaxoBCKOii no npeACTaa- neHMto raspMMna PoMaHO- BMMa AepxcaBMHbi 6bin M3- 6paH MoeHOM P o FF7 m F" o m AK aA<SMMM. T o ecTb :ero aacnyrM xax oMTepaTopa 6bl/IM BbICOKO OAeHeHbl.^,,; /lioBonbiTHo, HTO Apa'i Marypr BcerAa 7 ms 7 o on-^ peAeann, " t o m 3 axrepoB 6yABT Hrparb 4 ero cnex- TaxiiBX, yicaabiBan MMeHa npH MaASHMM CBOHX KOMB'; AHH. B o t m MHe 6bi xore^: nocb, MTo6bi B HauieM Tel:: aTpe a xoMeAMM «TlMneAT KMe BOAbl» 6blAM aaHRTbl aicrepbi, KOTopux SHafo H jiK>6nio« Onbra;OBHMHfe HHKOBa, CBernaHa Bor^ pe6HRK, B 7 " t o p 3 r 6 " m H): MMXaMii B 7 " o , a 4 poJtM? rpact>MHM xoTen 6bf BMAeTb HecpaBHeHHyio lOnMio TTa- HHHy. BnpoMeM, a ro Bce- ro AMUib noxcenaHne apM'r TenB, Bce peuiHT pexcMC- cep , M, He coMHesaiocb, ero Bbi6op 6yAeT ToneH. B KOMeAHM UJaxoBcxo* ro HeMano npHMer /Iunei4> Ka, XOTH ceroAHB Û 7 ØÙ 7 Ü yxte H6T. Ha HeTpOBCKOM npyAy renepb He ysMAerb «^ flepB epK a» 7 t F m 6 o - n e e nporynoHHWX noAO- MeK... H TAB t o t F4 4 t o m " o * noAeu , K KOTOpOMy 6 e ra - AW xnpJiMO Hepea caA» OneHbKa 7 Cau ia? .. Ho ecTb AwneAKwe ne - ><e6Hbie BOAM — BOAbi nep- Bo ro pyccKoro xypopTa. M ecTb aaMenaTenbHbie pyc- CKMe CeMbH, TAB MOXCHO, K3K M ASeCTM ACT Ha3aA> ycAbiujaTb aaKOHHwe ceTO- B3HMAS icMbi TOAbKO pyCCKMMW ycneeM 4 c b g t poAHTbcn, Kax BHHOCTpaHueB Hac HaMHyr nepepoxcAaTb,„» Ho: «...Ha nyxcoM Manep xne6 pyccKMfl we poAMT- CR»... it/lMnenKwe 4 o G w ^ Ha nwneuKoii cMewe, eep io, CTaHyT BOMCTMHy n p a a - AHM " o m , oco6eHHO 4 c^ae- HeHMH C MHWMM 6e3AMKW- MH AHRMM ropOAOB H 6e3 - pOAHbiMM non -u jo y , xow o6xoAHTCSi B KoneeMxy... C e p r e f t n A H I O i m C H H . T e p p n T o p n a J h / i n e p K o r o K p a a c b o h m h n p u p o p H U M n 6 o r a r c T B a M H u r e o r p a i p u H e c K U M p a c n o j J o x < e H u e M u a /^ a B H a n p H B n e x a / t a m o a e U . H a w n n a / t e K n e n p e p K n c o a p a B a n n a p e c b G n a r o y c r p o e H H b i e n o c e n e n n s i n r o p o p a , B b i a b i B a a w n e a a a n c T b B b i c o K O M e p H b ix n H o c T p a n p e a . B n H b i e a n o x n o h h C T a n o B u n n c b K p o p n o c - r a u n P y c n , a a m n m a n n e e o t H a 6 e r o a n o n o a p e a , n e H e n e r o B , r a r a p . O h h x c e 6 b w n p e H T p a u n p o M e c e n , T o p r o B j i n , K y j t b T y p b i n p y x o B H O c r n . B c e M b i a n a e M o r e x r o p o n a x , x o r o p b i e c y i p e c r a y i O T n n o c e n p e n b : J l n n e p x , E n e p , f t e G e a n n b , M a n - KOB, r p a a n , Y c M a n b , B a a o H c x , H a n n u r n H . H o M H o r n e n n e n o M o a p e o a iO T , h t o , x p o i v i e h u x , b n a w o M x p a e 6 b i j jH n f f p y r n e — n n 6 o a o o 6 i p e n c n e a H y a w n e c K a p r u , m i 6 o n p e B p a r n B w n e c a a c e n a . A a e p f b y h u x c b o b HCT o p n a , C B o e n e n o B T o p t iM o e n n p o , o h b m r e n e p b H a n o M n n a iO T j m w b c x y n b i e c r p o x n a p x n B H b i x p o x y - M eHTOB , H a p o f lH b i e n p e A a n n a n x p o n o r j i n B b i e n c c n e n o B a n n a y n e n b i x . C e r o p H a iww n p e A / t a r a e M H n r a r e - n m p a c c x a a o A a y x n a n n x c n a A e x c A o n b n o c / i e A y i o w n x B b i n y c x a x « E b m o r o » n p O A o n x c n r b e r o . . . BOPro/ 1 Ha BOCTOMHoCi OKpawHe Kw- eecKOti Pycn o ^ h h m m 3 f lp e e - HeviiiJMx 6b in ro p oA B op ron . B nepnoA cfieoAaAbHoPi pa3APo6- AeHHOCTM OH CT3A UeHTpOM Bo- proAbCKoro yAeAbHoro KH flxec- TBa. O h o pacnonaraAOCb raxHoe EAbUa B XHBOHHCHOCi MeCTHOC- TH, no KOTopofi Tene r pexa Bo - proA, AaB iiia fl h m ^ m KHAxecT- ay, Me ro aAMWHHCTpaTHBHO-xo- 3BMCTBeHH0My UGHTpy. B AOAHHe peKM npw poA a coTBopHAa KaMeHHbie ropb i He- onHcyeMow xpacoTb i. C aw a f l BeAWHecTBeHHaa cxana — Kon- seHbiw KaMGHb. ByATO pa3Ma- lAMCTbiM yAapoM 6o raTb ipcKoro Mena ona pacceneHa rAy 6 0 K 0 ti MUJMPOKOH TpeiAMHOfi. flOA HGii HaxoAHTca AereHAapnafi neujie- pa c BbicoKMM nopraAOM, K ÝÞ N o - peHHblM K3K 6bl HGAOBeHeCKOH pyKoii. O rryAa 4 o Bce CTopoHbi ra - Hyrca noAaeMHbie x o G ß 7 Aa6n- PHHTbl. Mx BOprOAbUbI WCROAb- aOBBAH B 6opb6e C nOAOBUaMM M TaiapaMW. npoTaxennooTb OTAeAbHbIX XOAOB A ° nBTM KH- AOMerpoB. KABAOHCKareAM na- XOAWAM TaM CAaBBHCKHe KOAb- HyrM H LUAeMbl. 06opoH aacb o t Ha6eroB k o - HeBHHKOB, XHT6AM B op rO A a yHMHTOxaAH HX, HGpeAKO x e p T - Bya c o 6 o i i . PaccKaabiaaKiT, h t o OAH axAb ijBpa roM 6biA ncTpe6- AewnoyTM Becb OTpaA Bop roAb- CKHX APy>KHHHMKOB. Ho OCTaB- UJHMCa B XUBblX CMeAblii BOHH BacMAex yBAGK aa co6oCi 6oAb- Luyio rp y n n y aaxBaTHHKOB. D o r- HaBLUMeca aa h u m TaTapw oxa- aaAHCb Ha OAaTO Bopona-xaM - Ha, OTxyAa BacHAex 6pocnAca C X0H6M BHH3. A BCA6A 3a HUM nOBaAHAHCb BMeCTB C AOLUaAb- MW H 3Abie BOpo™. H HMXTO M3 HMX He cnacca . . . Bop roAbcxoe yAeAbHoe XHa- XeCTBO BXOAMAO B COCTaB PblAb- c x o ro XHaxecTBa m 6bmo e ro ABHHMXOM. OAHOBpeMeHHO BO- prOAbCXMM XHaSb 6blA o6a3aH coAepxaTb 6oAb iiioe xoAMaec- TBO TaTapcxMX BOMHOB. TaTapc- xaa AaHb Boapa'cTana c xaxAbiM AHeM, M BOprOAbUbI OAHB>XAbl paaornaAM nyxeseMHbix c 6 o p - lAMxoB, a HexoTopbiM HanecAM A a x e yaeMba. B AeTOHMCM paccxaabiBaeT- ca 0 TOM, HTO B TOHeHMe 1283- 1284 r r . BoproA ocaAMAM BOMHbi TaTapcxoro 6acxaxa AxMaTa, m nocAe AAMTeAbHOM ocaAbi xpe- nocTb M oxpyxaBLiiMe ee nace- AeHHbie nyHXTbi 6biAM paapytue- Hbi AO ocHOBaHMa. Knaab O ae r norM6 repoMCxoM CMepTbXj, Bop roA 6biA 6oraTbiM ro p o - AOM. 3 a HAOTHblMM M BblCOXM- MM CTBHaMM, COOpyxeHHbIMM M3 aaocTpeHHbix K Þ N Ý ^ Ý N BexoBbix AepeBbeB, HaxoAMAca XHaxec- XMM ABOP C TepeMOM M APYCM- MM nocTpoMxaMM. E ro o x p y x a - AM XMAbie AOMa BOMHOB, HGAA- AM, TOprOBUeB, XOAOnOB, MeCT- HOM anaTM. CyiuecTBOBanM Mac- ropoflA H 3 n E F E H n HAETOnHCEH TepcxMe no npoMasoACTay opj?- XMa M 6b iT0Bbix opeAMeTop . HMGAMCb UepXOBb, HACOBHa, xoAOxoAbHa MAPyrMG nocTpog- XM M CAyx6bi, npMcyiAMe pye- cxoMy cpeAHeBexoBOMy ropoAy. KpaeBeAbi, Maynaa ananeHMe HaaBAHMa BoproAa , OTMenaKDT, HTO OHO B03HMKA0 AO CAABaHO- xoM xoAOHMaauMM. B nepeBOAS c A peBH eM opAO BC xo ro s t o oAecHaa pexa». MecTOHaxoxABHMe 6biBUje- ro peHTpa BoproAbCxoro xna- x e cT B a Ha ocH oa e HayHHbix MBblCXaHMM TOHHO yCTaHOBMA BbiAaraiAMMca m K i ; o p m x H .M . KapaM3MH e i iie ‘-B g^paoCi. yeT.-, BepTM XIX Bexa’ nMcaBujMM, h t o “ B op roA ecTb HbiHe K s ^ o Op- AOBCXoii ry6epHMM N EneuxoM oxpyre» . B naiUM ^ h m — 3 t o H m - XHMM Bop roA EAepxoro padona JlMneuxoM o6AacTM. M3 MCTOPMM, r O P O A A AOEPbIM ; H ^ h ^ ^ o r o p o A a Ao6pb i'M yxoAMT B rAy6oxyx) ApoBHOCTb. A pxeoA o rM ycTanoBMAM, H,to eiAe X HaHAAy XIII Bexa na 6e - p e ry B o p o n e x a cyiAecTBOBAAO xpynHoe noceAenwe, paapyujpH- Hoe TATapo-MOHroAaMM. 3 t o 6biA ropoA -xpenocTb A o 6 p mh g x , c o o p y x e H H b iM paaancxMMM XHaabaMM ^ ^ ^ aaiAMTbi k ) x h o m oxpaMHbi PaaaHCxoro xnaxecT - BA. B cxope Ha s t o m ropoAM iue BHOBb nOCeAMAMCb AK3AM, M B anoxy Haana IV t ^ m noaaMAacb uepxoBb. CeAO noAynMAO Haaaa- HMe A o 6 p o e fopoAMme. Oxpec- THbie Aeca m 3 o 6 m ^ Ý N ^ ^ m paa- 60MHMXAMM, C XOTOpbIMM HOCtO- aHHO npMXOAMAOCb eopoTbca . 0C06eHH0 «npOCAaBMAMCb» AM- XOAOMCTBOM LuaMXM KyAoapa m T apaca . A o 6 p o e ropoAMLue npMH3A- AexAAO HyAOsy m CnaccxoM y MOHACTbipaM. HeBAaAGxe OT Hero HaXOAMAMCb M CBOM XeH- CXMM M MyXCXOM MOHaCTbipM. B axTax 1549 roAa ynoMMHax)Tca Taxxe xaaaxM, XMBUJMe N A o - 6 poM ropoAMLue. C 20 anpeAa 1635 roAa no papcxoMy yxaay MeCTHbie XMTGAM npMCTyAMAM X CTpOMTOAbCTBy ropOAB K03A0- BA M X03A0BCXMX yxpenAGHMM BeAoropoACxoM aacenHoCi nep- Tbl. B CBaaM c coopyxeHMGM BeA ropoACxoM nepTU x 1647 roAy nocTpoMAM npoHHyx) Aspe - BaHHyxD xpenocTb M HaaaaAM ee ropoAOM AoSpb iM . K penocTb HeOAHOXpaTHO oOHOBABAaCb M nepecTpaMBaAacb m BoujAa N HMCAO HaM 6 0 Aee MOlUHblX co - |,.^PPyXCeHMM, AMIAMBLUMX XpblMC- xctj^f^^!'j^4pe,O3M0XH0CTM COBep- liiaTb rp'aOMTeAbcxMe noxoAbi na Pycb. n o apXMBHbIM AOXyMOH- TAM, OHa 6 biAa nepeAeAAHa N 1651 -1652 r r .M o xp y xen a psoM rAyOMHOM BAse, u j mp mh o m N t p m caxeHM. CTeHbi o 6 AMueBaAM ^ y - 6 0 BUMM 6 peBHaMM, nOCTpOMAM 6aujHM. OOmaa ^ ^ m h ^ ropoAC- XOM CTeHbi COCTABMAa 137 CA- x e n e i i . BaLuen 6bmo ceMb: Bo- poTHaa, Kpacnaa, HayroAbHaa, PacxaTHaa, TaMHMuxaa, fAyxaa M H p o e a x a a . Ha TaPiHMuxoM 6aujHM X pexe N à ^ noAseMHUM XOA. HaA BbeaXMMM BopoTaMM BMceA o 6 paa HepyxoTBopnoro Cnaca. B «BepxHeM 6 o k 3 » naxo- AMAMCb ABO MeAHbie nyixixM Ha AyOoBbix AacfieTax. nyuuxM m o m - LAAAM CTOaAM M B 6 0 MHMUaX. Ho «PocnMCM A oO po ro To- poAMLAa» aa 1670 roA HMCAaTca BoeBOACXMe noxoM m ABop, npM- xaanaa Ma6a, aeaeMHUM no rpe6 , pyxeMHbIM M XMTHbIM aM6apbl. B pyxeMHOM «aH6ape» xpaHM- AMCb 77 nMiuaneM m 50 luna r. Ha KpacHOM da iiiHe N á K à ^ aec- TOBOM XOAOXOA B 18 nyAOB, Ha BopoTHOM 6biAa n y i ijxa N 49 ny- AOB. t 'B ce ro N A o6poM PopoAM- me ... 13 nyu je x m x h mm x o Bce- My 1295 aAP, Aa N aeMAanoM no rp e 6 y pynno ro aeAba 3 6 o h - XM ueAbix 54 nyA, Aa nyiueHHo- ro aeAba 3 6 o h x m no 15 nyA 6oHxa...» fo p o A nacTO ropeA m cpoH- HO BOCCTanaBAMBaAca. HaeecT- Hbi cTpa iiiHbie no xapb i N 1670, 1676 M 1677 rr . _______ : C T O n E T M H ^ «rnEBAJiyHCKME, TAMHECHACTMAHET...» B JleOeAaHCXMx o x ^ N ^ h u x xHMrax 1689 roAa aanncaHO, h t o «B ropoAe Ha K Þàââ o m xapayae 6biBax3T AparyHb i no 50 h o ^ Ý - Bex, nepeMenaxiTca ^ NN paaa N cyrxM . n o OTbeaxMM xpe no c - TaM... 6biBaioT Ao6peHueB ^ N - T6M OoapcxMX 50 HGAOBex, ne - peMenaioTca t p m paaa N cyrxM. B npMxaanoM Ma6e nya ixapev i 6biBaeT no 2 neAOBexa, nepe - MenaKJTca N cyrxM .., na aecTax B KoBAOBe M CnaccxoM 6biBaeT no 2 neAOBexa... A aa BceMM N w - ujeHaaeaHHbiMM CAyxOaMM ^ o - 6peH ueB AOTeCi 6oapcxMX m A paryHOB m nyu jxapeM o K t ^ N t - ca 44 neAOBexa...» B 1678 roAy AriMHA K t g h K . 10 6aujHaMM cocTABAaAa 367 caxeH . ro p o A f lo 6 p b iM npocAa- BMACa CBOMMM XOpblCTOAK)6M- BblMM MXeCTOXMMM BOBBOAaMM. CpeAM HMX — B N ^ ^ m K ^ ^ N Cep- 6 mh , OeAop PyAHGB, K o h ^ P3 t mm P yAHBB. B ce OHM 6blAM yBOAe- Hbi aa 3AoynoTpe6AeHMe CAy- xe6Hb iM noAoxeHMeM. HapaAy c BoeHHbiMM o6a - aaHHOCTaMM AoOpoBUbi aaHMMa- AMCb aeMAeAOAMeM, CXOTOBOA- CTBOM, peMecAOM. C nepBOM noAOBMHbi XVII Bexa Ha pexe B o p o n e x noAynMAO paaBMTMe cyAOCTpoeHMe. 3 mmo m 1695 - 1696 roAa na AoOpoBCXMX Bep- (t)ax 6biAO nocTpoeno 360 CTpy- roB AAa AaoBcxo ro noxoAa. B CTpOMTeAbCTBe npMHMMBAO ynacTMe ^ o 7 Tbican neAOBex m N ropoAa M 6AM3AexamMx ceA. B (JieBpaAe 1703 roAa N f lo - 5poM snepBbie noSbisaA neTp BeAMXMM M OCTaACa AOBOABH pa 6 0 TOMA 0 6 pOBCXMX CyAOCTpO- MTeABM. BoeBOAy <t>eAopa fpM - ropbeBMHA JlonyxMHa papb no- BeAOA MMenosaTb «rocnoAMH xoMeHAaHT». O h MHTepecoBAA- ca paOoTOM MarMCTpaTa, 6 yp ro - MMCTpa, XpenOCTHOM XOHTOPW. B BoceMHaAuaTOM Bexe N o - eHHO-CTpaTerMnecxoe ananeHMe f lo 6 p o r o ynaAO. To rAa x e npo - M30UJAO HecxoAbxo xpynHb ix noxapoB , HO Aene r na N Ý K K Þ ^ - HOBAeHMe xpenocTM y x e ne N w - AOAaAocb. Ona «peMOHTMpoBa- Aacb AAOXO M HecneiiiHO». A N 1779 roA y ExaTepMHa BTopaa r. floOpbiM ynpaaAHMAa «aa ne- HaA 0 6 HOCTbKD». lYlHOTMe TOpO- x a n e paaOpeAMCb no BceCi Poc- CMM M0CH0B3AM AOCaTXM HOBbIX noceAeHMM. B naMaTb o CBoePi pOAMHe OHM HaabIBaAM mx f lo - 6poe , floOpMHxa, flo6pMHO... H noHbiHe Ha xapTe P o K K mm m o x - HO HAMTM HGMaAO nOCeAGHMM, OCHOBAHHblX 6blAblMM XMTGAaMM CAABHoro ropoAa flo6pb iM . B Ha iije BpeMa na e ro Mec- Te npMBOAbHO paCXMHyAOCb ceAO f lo 6 p o e — uenTp f lo 6 p o B - c x o ro pa iioHa. E ro x m t g ^ á 6e - pexHO xpanaT repoM necxM e npeAaHMa m AereHAbi o K ^ ^ N h o m npOLUAOM POAHOM 36MAM. H ropb B E T J IO B C K H a , KpaeseA- B ropoAe BA b iie na - n a j i a X I X Bexa 6 o j ih - m a a n a c T b CTpoeHHH 6wAa AepeBAHHaa, Kpw - Taa COAOMOH H B peAKHX c a y n a a x — ApaHbw h T eCOM. IloCTpOHKH 6bIAH npeaBbinaHHO CKyneHbi, a yAHA b i H nepe yAKH ySKH AO HeBOSMOHCHOC- TH. n o a xoM y noAcapaMH HCTpe6AAAHCb H6 TOAb­ KO OTAeAbHbie CTpoeHHH, HO ABHce peAbie y A H i iw H KBapxaAbl. CoAepHcaBu iaHca N TO BpeMH ropoACKHM y n - paBAeHHeM noxcapHaH KOMaHAa 6b iA a c o se p - uieHHO HeAOCTaTOHHoii, HToObI npOTHBOCTOHTb orneHHOH K t h x h h . 0 6 3T0M H SaA yMaAHC b HCHBUlHe B TO BpeMH B K ^ Ý 6 Ý ^ 6 «HepHaa» , pac- nOAOHCeHHOH PHAOM C ro p oA OM , n on eTH b ie rpaHCAane / ] | m h t p h h h H h k o ^ ^ h BaA y iicKH e . BeAH oOmnpHoe k o - HceBeHHoe h p o h 3 N o ^ K t - BO, oOABAaH XOPOIUHMH CpeACTBAMH, 6paTbH Ba- AyHCKHe B 1 8 11 ro A y ynpexcAa ioT npH K N Ý N á aaBOAe n oH c a pH y io KOMaHAy c npeKpacHbiM, no TOMy BpeMeHH, o6o- 30M H HHB eH TapeM . U IxaT CAywamHX N 3 t o h KOM aHAe COCTaBAHAH BCe pa6oHHe aaBOAa. r ip H B03HHKH0BeHHH noHcapa N ropoA e h ^ h 6AH »aHu iHX K Heiyjy AcpeBHHX Bce aasoACKoe npoHSBOACTBO ocxaHaBAHBaAocb. J I i o ^ h 6po- caAH pa5oTy, eAsa ^ Ý CAyxa h x AOHOCHACH nOWapHblH 3B0H0K c ycTpoeHHo ii h m h see k h ^ h h - HH HAH r y A HaOaxa. H NK h KOM aHAa, HHCAOM AO TpexcoT HeAOBeK, N o TAaBe co K N o h m h xoaaeBaMH, cxpeMHxeAbHO He- CAaCb BCA6A 3a nOHCapHblM o6o- 30M, noAOBHHa KOToporo Bcer- Aa 6biAa HaroTOBe — aanpn - HCeHHOH. IIOHCapHb lH 0603 OpaxbeB BanyHCKHX noexeneH- HO yBeAHHHBBACH. K 1857 rOAy B HeM 6biAO 8 xpy6 h 20 5o- H6K. CaMH B aA y iicKH e x p a 6p o nOAHHMBAHCb H3 KpblU lH TOpH- HCHX 3AaHHH C OpaHACnOHTOM, HX He CMymaA h h xcap o r n a , HH naACHHe ropaucHx cxponHA, HH npOBBA nOTOAKa, HH ASHCe TO, HTO Ha HHX CaMHX HHOH pa3 HaHHHaAH noAb ixaxb u ianKH h OA eacAa. H x npHMep He a a u e u m j i BbisBaxb noApaacaHHe. CKopo noHTH KaacAbiH eAbnaHHH K h h - T3A CBOHM AOAPOM npHHHTb nocHAbHoe ynacTHe N xyuieHHH orHH c apxeAbK) OpaxbeB Ba- AyHCKHX. OcoSeHHO BeAHKa 6biAa aa- CAyra 6paxbeB B aA y i icK H x N roAb i CHAbHbix noHcapoB, no - AblXHyBUIHX He TOAbKO B E ^ B- pe , HO H no BceH P Ý K K â h N ne- pHOAbi 1 8 4 2 -1 8 5 0 r r . FopoA TorAa ropeA H y xb y iH He Kaac- A b i i i AOHb, a HHorAa h no ne- CKOAbKy pa3 B ACHb. JKHxeAeH oxBaxHA nanH - HeCKHH e xpax . BoAbUlHHCTBO H3 HHX BCe CBOe HMymeCTBO cnpaxaAO N noABaAbi, a HeKO- Topwe xpaHHAH e ro na Boaax, HMea AomaACH h ^ i o ^ N h Haro- TOBe. H o , OAaroAapa aneprHH 5paxbeB B aA y ficKH X , N o 3 h h - KaBniHe noacapb i 6b icxpo npe- KpamaAHCb. H ecAH N 1848 roA y o rneM He 6 m ^ HcxpeOAen Be'cb ropoA , TO t o ^ N k o yCHAH- HMH HX apxeAH. . . . H o paccKaaaM oneBHA- peB, noHcap 4 h w h h 1848 rop a npepexaBAHA 3peAHP;e yacac- Hoe. HAaMH K ^ o N h o AexaAO co CTpoeHHH Ha cxpoeHHe, K h ^ N - i ^ ^ B r o r M a r e p n a n a « A r « a p n e n a n n a C . - n e r e p G y p r a < v 8 7 w m n a n o - ro n fx o B ^ ^ B G tS T H e iiu ie r b B E n a p e p o p a x yn pO B B a n y U c a n x . H .H . B a - n y B c x u B , x a x p a o c K a a b t a a e r o h :, b ‘ c b o g m n n c b tn e a p e p a i c p n i o , m h o t O ■ a e r a a m M a e r c a n c r o p n e n Enapa '-- n <sBonx npGAXOB. n peA /icxcGHH aa - ' n u c r a T b a a a a r a n a x e y p n a n a «no<~ mapHOG A e n o x (N s t a a : t S 9 8 rowM n p o c a a m e H a 7 5 - j ie T n nM rp yA a* * ,' n o 'n ox ca pH o n n a c m noTOMCTBen- s Hbix noaGTHbix r p a x tA a n r o p o p a Bar.-, n yP cK n x . O G a e u C T arbn B e c b in a cp^.i' a n pH b in , n o a r o M y nibi p a e a i n n w a :> o ip b tB x n n a H e e , n o a a o tm B c e G ^ , ■. o n a T b - r a x n p a p n coK pau tGH n a ,: 'a ra ioK e MBS' o 6 n e r ^ e H n a B o c n p n sm n i ' r e x c r a coapGMGHHbita BnTaTGneM , H G c y ip e c iv eH H y io c r n m t c m ^ e c x y i o • n p a a x y . B x e yp n an G c r a n i a n o p n n - c aH a M .A . r p n a e a b iM . Xt - Haa 6 y p a CBopaHHBaaa ro p a - PCHe Kpb ip jH H nepeOpacbiBa- Aa HX nepea peab ie KBapxaAbi. B TeneHHe Hexb ipex nacoB 8 0 0 poMOB c OoAbPiHM sanacoM XAeSa, paaHb ix xoBapoB h pp y - r o r o HMyncecTBa cpeAaAHCb p o O b iH e i i n A aM 6H H . 7^a5Ke 6paxba BaAyHCKHe h h x ^ k > ^ h B HeM-TO 6bIAH SeCCHAbHbi: HAaMH BblOHBaaO HX C n03H- PHH, H OHH AOAHCHbl 6bIAH OT- exynaxb . CoBMeCTHbie peHCTBHH Ba- A y iiCKHX npopOAHCaAHCb AO 1851 ro p a . BaxeM Opaxba pas- peAHAHCb, H, ocxaBaacb Bep- HblMH CBOeMy A6Ay, KaaCAblH B OTpeAbHOCTH cxaA copepHcaTb KOMaHAy, nepepaB nenoapep- ..CTBeHHoe ynpaB.AeHHe ;C N o h m ', , CblHOBbHM — riAaTOHy ^MH T - pHeBHHy H MeAHTOHy HHKoaa- eBHHy BaA y iicKHM . M nacb Ha noacap, h h t o t , HH ApyroH He anaAH n p e rp ap . E K ^ h 6epa CAynapacb 3a pena- M.H CocHa H E ^ N h h k , nepeOn- paAHCb BHAaBb. CpyH a ftH b ie poAOMKH npH 6b icxpoH e3pe B olSoae He ocTanaBAHBaAH h x . KoM anpa MAap ine ro 6paxa IjHKOAaa BacHAbeBHpa db iaa poAHee H 6 o ra a e . B o rAaBe pepa , K3K yace cKaaaHo, cxaA M K ^ h t o h HHKOAaeBHH. y aXo- r o MOAOporo nepoBeKa cxpeM- peHHe noMOHb OpHacHeMy N o B peMH n o a ca pa n e p e n ip o N c x p a c T b . f l a H cb iHOB bH c x a p - p ie ro 6paxa IlAaTOH, BacHPHH H A p e K c e i i ^M H T p n e B H H H 6biAH eMy nop cxaxb . 0 6 N ÞÝ m rOBOpHT pOKyMeHTbl. Ha KonHH c npepcxaBAennH r . HanapbHHKa ry6epHHH m h - HHCxpy BHyxpeHHHX pep ox 12 Man 1852 ro p a : «B npou iPOM HHBape MecHipe 28 h h K ^ N N r . E pbpe B poMe MerpaHKH Faa- pHAOBOH npoHBomep 'noacap . I lp H cpepcTBHH cnpomeHHb ie nop npHcaroK) 15 nepoBeK epH- HorpacHO noKaaapH , h t o npH caMOM Hanape noacapa npH6b i- AH Ha MecTO OHoro epe iiKHe 2 rHAbpHH K y n p b l flMHXpHH H HHKOAa ii BapyHCKHe c npH - HappeacaucHM h m noacapHbiM HHCXpyMeHTOM. H a p y a cH b ie p B e p n poM a FaBpHAOBOH 6bIAH 33 - nepxbi H nopoHTH k h h m He 6bIPO BO3M0aCHOCTH no npHHHHe paenpoexpa- HHBUjerocH npaMeHH, h o CbiHOBbH B apyHCK H x ; npaxoH , ApeKceH, BacH- AHH H MePHTOH, HeCMOT- PH Ha HBHyiO OnaCHOCTb, BpOCHAHCb K SaMKHyXOH ABepH, K 6 h AH 3aM0K H, epBa B6eacaPH N K o h h , KaK Kpbima h h o t o ^ o k cenei i o6pyuiHAHCb. H e o6pamaH 4 7 7 m 7 - HHH Ha a x q , CWHOBbH B a p y i ic K H x , no p a e p ra a iCBOK) aCH3Hb HBHOH onacHOCTH , G o F t 7 t G 7 ABepH poMa, HO, Hamep- lUH H a x y ABepb Toace aanepxoH, paapoMaPH ee ■ c nocnen iHocTb io 7 , p e i i- ■'CTByH C Heo6bIKHOBeH- HblM MyaceCTBOM H CaMO- OTBepaceHHeM, n p e x p a - THPH B HeCKOAbKO MH- H yx noacap, y rpo ac aa - lUHH OnaCHOCTbK) H CO- CepHHM pOMaM». Ha KonHH c noKaaa- HHH, paHHoro 10 ceHxa6- pH 18 5 3 ropa epepKOMy ropopHHHeMy ponepbio KOAA. acec. M . H . Ha - MaPKOBOH: «3 a oxpyn - KOK) H3 ropopa Epbpa — epepKHX Kyn iiOB , po - AHbix Opaxbea B| m 7 t p 7 7 H HH KO P a a c F w 7 o m JJ^MH xpHH ApeKceeM Ba- pyi iCKHM B JIe6epHHC- Kyio HpMapKy , Ha no ­ acap, 6biBuiHH y Hac‘ 5 ceHxa6pH 4 10 nacoB no nopy- AHH, npnObiPH CbiHOBbH xex BapyHCKHx, HMeHHo: HpaxoH H BaCHPHH ^I^MHXpneBHHH H MePHTOH HHKOPaeBHH c HX no- aCapHblMH HHCXpyMeHXaMH H pa 6 0 HHMH PIOpbMH B caMoe KO- poTKoe BpeMH, KOTopbie K y x y - meHHio noacapa, npn 7 x 6pa- r.opaisyMHH 7 onbixHOCTH, aecb- Ma MHoro cnoco6cTBOBaiPH, 7 npH 3T0M cpynae o 7 7 co F 4 o - HM noacapHblM HHCXpyMeHXOM K cnaceHHK) OpHacnero 6poca- AHCb BO Bce onacHbie npH no- acape Meexa, c 4 7 p 7 m 4 8 m caMO- OTBepaceHHeM 7 ycne xoM " yxyuieHH io noacapa, ox " 3K0- Boro HX peHCTBHH BaPyHCKHX H noacap npeKpamen 4 Kopox- KOe'BppMH. ■ ■ ^ . mo H ^ T.iacDi<i caManraeipace- 7 H 7 y BaCHAHH 3MHTpHeBHHa o6ropep Ha Hore cano r, xaK, HTO OHbiH pacnapCH, a MePH - TOH HHKOPaeBHH nopBeprcH CTpyew Bopbi 7 3 noacapnoH BeCbMa CHAbHOH;Xpy6bI 3H3HH- xePbHOMy ym q p 6 y 4 peBb iii rpaa 7 peByio nacTb ropoBbi, OT Hero OH yn ap Ha seMPio 6e3 naMHTH H 6bip oTBeaeH 4 p o m popHxeAH e r o * . , BpaXbH .n^MHXpHH H H 7 KO- p a5 i 'B a p yH C K H e yMegAH — 'cxapiuHH B 1 8 7 0 ropy , nopa- 6oxaB Ha nonpH ipe cnaceHHH HMymecTBa 7 acH3HH Opnacne- ro 59 pex , a MPapiuHH — 4 1 8 6 6 to p y , npopaOoxaB na t o m ace nonpHipe 55 pex . CbiHOBba cxpeMHPHCb npopopacHTb HX cpyaceHHe. H o B 1 8 8 0 ro p y IIpaTOH JlMHxpHeBHH, a B 1 8 8 5 ropy MePHTOH HHKOPaeBHH oexa - PHCb coBepuieHHO 6ea epepexB H pOPaCHbl 6bIPH OTKaBaXbCH OT cop ep ac aHH H n o a c a p n oH KOMaHpbi. H m paace npHuiPocb npHKpbiTb H KoaceBeHHOe npo- H3BOPCTBO, a pexH yace HCKa- PH ppH ce6H cpyacdy. H yace peace npiixopHPocb cpb imaxb npHBbiHHoe: oFpe Bapy iicKHe , xaM HecnacTHH H e x * . I lo cp ep - HHe cpoBa noppHHHO aanHca- Hbi B acypHapax onepepHoro epeu,Koro SeMCKoro co6paHHa 1 OKTH6pa 1 8 7 5 ro p a . . . H a pHcyHKe — MePHTOR BapyHCKHH. nOE PI/IH CK I/ IE M o p m i / i B TpMfluaTbix rop ax n p o u jp o ro CTonexMH Ha reppMTO- pMM VcMaHCKoro yeapa x K mp «o6paauoBbiM noMeipMx», Me- Teopono r, craxMCT, ae ro p pnpa xpypoB H.A. ByHMH — pBO- lopopHbiM nneMRHHMK HaiiieM M3BecTHOM noaxeccb i. A .n . ByHMHOM. E ro popoBoe MMeHMe MapcJiMHO ( t o > k ByHMHo), KOTopoe paHbLue pacnona ranocb Ha xebpMxopMM fleMUJMH- CKOM CenbCKOM apMMHMCXpaUMM floopMHCKoro patiOHa, CHMxanocb o p h mm m 3 nynuiMX x o 3 h m K Þ N . A B MOPopbie ropb i l-lMKO/iaCi AHaxonbeBMH cny>icMn N o 4)noTe. CeepeHMfl PoccMMCxoro rocypapcxBeHHoro apxM- Ba BoeHHO-MopcKoro eppoxa nponMBaioT K N à t Ha Ma/io- MasecTHbie CTpaHMpbi e ro SMorpaepMM. B 1796 ro p y N TpMHapuaTM/ieTHeM BoapacTe pBopn - HMH nocTynMH N M Ýã K k o m xapeTCXMM Kopnyc. Hepea pea ro p a e r o npoMaBopuT N rappeMapMHw. O h nnaeaeT N Ban- TMMCKOM Mope Ha Kopa6nRX «HMKonaM» m « rne6» . B 1801 ro p y HMKO/iaR AnaTonbeBMHa npoM3BOpRT N MMHMaHbi, o h N 3TO BpeMH HaxMMTCR B CaHKT-neTep6ypre npM h o N o K - TpoRipeMCR KopaOne «CKopbiM». B 1802 -1805 rop a x np o - popxcaeT c/iyxcoy Ha BanTMxe. n n a e a e j Ha Kopa6pRX "C N r - TOii neTp» M “ 3MreMTeH». 3 mmo m 1803 -1804 ropoB naxo- PMPCR B OTnyexe N popnoM ByHMHO. Oo arrecTauMM 1805 ro p a MMHMaH ByHMH «noBepeHMR O na ro po pn o ro , N p o - /DKHOCTM anaiOLU M K OHOii y ceppen , h o no cnaooM y apo - poBbio Ha Mope cnyxcObi npoponxcaTb ne MoxceT». B m a a - pe 1806 ro p a o h BbiLuen N OTCxaBicy m nocePMncR N M ap - (pMHO. BnepepM y Hero 6binM Tpypbi no xoaPMCTsy, «oo- ipecTBeHHaR pa6oTa» — o h 6b i/ i npepBopMTeneM pBopRH- CTBa ycM ancKo ro yeapa , cnoco6cTBOBa/i oTKpbiTMio Yc- MaHCKoro yeapH o ro ynM/iMipa. B Map^MH “ ‘ ‘ ■ nOB, KOTOpbIM pw AnaTOPbeBHbi. _ . . - . . - ... rynM /i N MopcKO ii xapeTCKMM xopnyc . B 1799 -180 0 rop a x nnaBaeT na xopaOne <>C N äÞ o m HaHyapMM» y depe roB A n r - PMM M y ocTpoBa Texcepb , ynacTsyeT N Bb icapxe pecanTa Ha ropnaHpcKMM 6e p e r . nepeaMMOsaB N nopTCMyre, o h K acKappoM BepHyncR N KpoHUjTapT. B 1801 ro p y naBPOBa npOM3BOPflT B MMHMaHbi, OH npOpOAXCaGT C / iy xd y B CaHKT- n ’eTep6yp re «npM 6epe re» N rpeOnoM cfinoTe. B 1802 rop y ipaone «3MMaHyMP» nnaBaeT Mexepy KpoHuuTapTOM m ocTpoBOM BMopxe. B 1804 -1805 rop a x Mean Anexcanppo - BMH — Ha BanTMMCKOM 0noT e na cjiperaTe «TMXBMHCKafl BoropopMua». O h vnacTByeT N Bbicapxe pecaHTa na Ý K t - poB PioreH. B 1805 -1807 rop a x mmh m N h llaBnoB K o K t o mt B ponixHOCTM cMOTpMTena npM H Ý N o m ApMMpanxeMCTBe N C aHXT-neTep6ypre . A 24 o x t r 6 p r 1807 ro p a N u x o p m t N OTCTBBX y “ PAR OnpGpenGHMR X UJTaTCXMM penaM» B HMHe neMTenaHTa PoccMMCxoro epnoxa. K o h g h h o , podpMHCXMe MopRXM He pocTMrnM cnaBbi, “ CTeneHePi M3BecTHbix», nopooHO VuiaxoBy m ^ m CeHRBM- Hy. H Bce >xe paeaPiTe noMHMXb: 3 t m p s a nenoBexa, po - PMBLUMecR B AGCOCxenHOM noAOCG, ypaneHHOM na t w K r h m B epCT OT MOpeM, B npOlilAOM CTOAGTMM BepOpi M OpaBpOM cnyxcMAM OxenecTBy Ha Mope. HEBPE 3 r OBAJM XMAOM poMe noMeipMUbi PonaxMHoPi N pepeBHe Bepeaoe- exMG BbicenxM m h o x mt m ^ á paanyio y raapb na cyMMy po nRTMpecRTM py6AeCi. Eipe panbu ie , Honbio 7 anpeAR, ne- MBBecTHbie anoyMbiujAeHHMXM aanoManM aaMXM y aMoapa Ha xyxope noM pe peane BepeaoBxa EponxMHCxoPi N Ý ^ Ý K - TM M B3RAM 25 nypoB 3epHa(nyp — 6onee 16 x r — B.E.). SaxeM, aaMexaR c n e p u , nopoxernM aM6ap. Ha axox paa noexpapan noMeipMX HenaeB-ManbueB. P ACKO fIbHH K H 3 E f lb U A HHHEM x A p4> O npoxcMBan m ppyroP i m m r x — H.A. n a a - xo op iPi 6biA MyxeeM cecxpb i H.A. ByHMHa — Bapaa - naxoA B 1797 ro p y Maan AnexcaHppoBMH no c - HbmeiiiHRR MMAMuePicxaR xpoHMxa necxpMX co o 6 ip e - HMRMM o6 orpaOneHMRX, x p a x a x m yOnPicTBax. B Hanane CTOAexMR y Hac xaxxce CAynanocb NK r x o g ... ...B HOHb Ha 12 anpeAR 1907 rop a OoroxyAbHMXM N cene KyppRBipMHO AaHXOBCxoro yeapa BanoMaAM peu jexxy N M ecTHOM xpaMe m npoHMXAM B Hero. noxcMBa axMx ^ i o p m - u jex. He no6oRBOiMXCR Bo ra , coexaBMna 70 pyOnePi 35 xoneex. B Honb na 21 anpeAR x o ro xce ro p a N npM ropop- HoPi nyu jxapcxoP i c no 6o pe ro p o p a f la n x o a a N K o 6 K t N g h - HOM poMG 6biAM yOMTbi ncaAOMipMX CeMBH KeppoB M e ro xcena Enena . npecrynHMX opypoBan xonopoM , nopo6no PacxoAbHMXOBy. yOMPiueM oxaaancR MecxHbiPi xcMxenb FpM- ropMpi lleBMH, M3BecTHbiPi noAMUMM n o p p p y roM cfiaMMAMePi — /lanMH. no-BMpMMOMy, He ox xopoiueM x m N h m N Honb na 12 anpeAR 1907 ro p a xpM xpecxbRHMHa — MBan C o m o N , AnppePi m nap4>eH HnoaeMpeBbi — NN ^ o m N ^ m aaMXM N ne - CeMHapuaxoe exonexMe N P o K K mm oaHaMeHOBanocb uepxoBHbiM paexoAOM. Peg iopMa, npoBepeHHaR naxpMap- xoM H mx o h o m , paapeAMAa BepyxiipMx, PacxoAbHMXM, He npMHRBiiiMe peepopMbi, 6excaAM Ha f loH , N rnyxMe Meexa, rp e ocHOBbiBBAM noceAGHMR. A caMbie ynopHbie m N h mx cxcMraAM ce6R N cpydax . 3naMR exapoPi Bepbi 6b ino npMHeceno na T mx mm A o h e ipe B 1666 rop y . B cxope c x ip a noxRHyAMCb pecRXXM exa- pOBepOB. OCHOBblBaXJTCR nyCTbIHM, CXPORTCR uepxBM. O t - c iopa nnaHMpoBancR no xop na MocxBy. B 1667 ro p y na f lo n y noRBMACR h g x mm KyabMa KocoPi. BbiA o h popoM M3 EAbipa. Ko rpa oHananacb poaHb N Bepe», xoTopyx) OH He Mor cTepnexb, KocoPi Oexcan x xaaaxaM m pacxoAbHMxaM. H xoTR Ha f loH y 6biAO HGMaAO BoxepePi paexona, KyabMa BCxope npMo6pen MaaecxHOCTb. O h npM- 3Ban Bcex exapoBepoB naPixM «HenpecTynHoe Mecxo» m noexpoMTb xaM noceneHMe. Ha pexe MepeepMue xaxoe MGCTO 6blAO HaPipeHO. noexpoMAM HeOoAbiiJoPi ropopox . C iopa ycxpeMMAMCb pecRxxM 6e rnb ix xpecxbRH m 3 Eneu- xo ro M /le6epRHCxoro yeapoB. C ^ o N h o denbMO na rnaay axo noceneHMe 6b ino y N Ý - GBopbi TaM6oBa. B 1674 ro p y o h peuiMA oxonnaxeAbHO nOXOHHMXb C paCXOAbHMXaMM. OxpRp XaM 6 0 BCXMX CXpeAb- UOB, paarpoMMBUJMPi noceneHMe, xpoebeM aaxBaxMA h g - 6oAbUJMe — “ 4 x o h x m m 12 peBox». B cxope KocoPi m e ro K ^ o p N mx K h mx m N âÝ NN sepHynMCb N ropopox , xoxopbiPi exan o6pacxaxb ppyrMMM áà ^ åá mm exa- poBepcxMMM noceneHbMuaMM. KocoPi Hanan paenpoexpa - HRXb epepM noceneHipeB m p o h K x m x xaaaxoB CBoe yneHMe. B aaxMraxenbHbix nponoBepRX o h OTMenan, nxo na aeMne uapcxByex A h x mi ^ m K x m p o xoHipa CBexa ocxaexcR Bce ro AMLUb nRXb nex. noaxoM y Rxo5bi na aeMne Hex h m B o x K mmx X paMOB, HM XaMHCXB, HM npaBMAbHOXO 6orocAyxc6HMR. O c - Taexcfl MMPRH3M XCMXb 6B3 BGHHaHMPi, XpeiPGHMR M yMM- paxb 6ea npMnacxMii. flaxce Bxopoe npMuiecxBMe XpMcxa, no CAOBaM kyabMbi, He cnacex nenoBenecTBO. KyabMa npM- abiBan caMbix «BepHbix nx jpePi” Boccxaxb npoxMB A h x mx - DMCxa, xOHMCTMXb 3eMAio» OX Gro CAyx — papR, naxpMapxa H mx o h g , 6 o r p m apxMepeeB m paapyuiMXb mx exoAMpy — MocxBy. Ho BpeMR peiicxBMR HaexaHex n ^ e a nRXb nex — BO BpeMR B x o p o ro npMPiecxBMR XpMCxa. lo c n o p b npMao- Bex M noBepex xaaaxoB m exapoBepoB Ha exoAMpy, oypex npM axoM xpydMXb ronoBbi HenecxMBbix m g h o m », "Boeexa- BMx Ha npecxoA papa MMxaMna». H ocne a xo ro m HannexcR «BenHoe papcxBOBaHMe» co Bcexi He6ecHoxj CMAOPi m C o BC 6MM CBRTbIMM MyrOPHbIMM EMy PpaBOK) BGpOlO” . Oo CAO­ BaM K o co ro , «Mbi, no coapanM io B o i x mi o , Bce 6paxbR». VneHMe K o co ro 6b icxpo pacnpocxpaHRAOCb epepM xa ­ aaxoB. B exoAMpe POHCXMX xaaaxoB — Hepxaccxe y Hero HapiAOCb HeMano K x o p o h h mx o N . CpepM h mx non CaMoPi- AO,cxapuiMHa MaxBeeB. 7 MKDAR 1687 ro p a axaMaH JlaBpeHXbeB, xoxopbiPi xo>xe CXAOHRACfl X paCXOAbHMXaM, nOAyHMA «nOPMeXHOe» nMCb- Mo, rp e roBopMAocb o t o m , h t o no npMabmy K o co ro “ C tea - ixaKixcR... MHorMe ^ æ )_ p m N Ýáâ K å N Ý m m cxaabiBaxix y ce6R BGAMKOro papR MMxaPiny... Mbi-pe He 6 Ýáá K r papePi m N o - Piexa M BcePi BceneHHoPi...» AaBpeHXbeB pepjMA BuaBaxb N H ep xac c x K o co ro , xoxopbiPi ä N á ^ K ä K oxpRpoM N 600 Me- AOBex. B ce dbiAM Boopyxcenbi m nbinanM HenaBMcxbio x 6o - raxbiM xaaaxaM. Kax HM cxapancR axaMaH npepoxapaxMXb K x o ^ x h o N g - HMG, o h o npoMaopjAO. C o 6 g mx exopoH 6biAM y6MXbie. B axo BpeMR B H epxaccx sepHyncR O p o n MMHaeB, cxaspiMPi BoixaxoM aaiXMxoHHbix xaaaxos. O h coaean xpy r . KocoPi, BbicxynMBuiMPi Ha h g m , npMaean x noxop y na MocxBy. Ho e ro He noppep ixanM , exsaxMAM m no p exporoPi oxpanoPi oxBeaAM B exoAMpy. 3 p e c b enepxMPi pacxonbHMx 6b in aa- MyH6H CXpaPJHbIMM nbixxaMM... B . E J IH C E E B , KpacBep , njiGH Com sa acypHajiHCTOB P o K K h h .

RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTMyMDAz