Смольянинов Р.В., Ранний неолит Верхнего Дона

_________ Смольянинов Р.В. Ранний неолит Верхнего Дона ________ nants o f ancient floodplain terraces; to a lesser extent, they occupy the low edges o f the first floodplain terrace. The vast majority o f sites are located in the Voronezh River basin. In the upper reaches o f the Don River, only four similar monuments are known; on its right bank there are site lots at the villages o f Dolgoe, Ksizovo 6, and the First Perekhvalsky fort, on the left - at the village o f Yam- noye. The process o f mixing prick and pit ceramics began in the second quarter- to mid-V millennium, and continued until the mid­ dle o f IV millennium BC. The first evidence o f this is especially clearly illustrated by the stratigraphic data on the occurrence o f this pottery in a layer o f the site Rybnoe Ozero 2 (point 202). Similar hybrid prick-pit ceramics with broken stone temper has also been detected at the Dobroe 9 and Universitetskaya 3 sites. The coming to tlic Upper Don o f the Neolithic tribes o f the archaic stage o f the Lyalovo culture is illustrated by the radiocar­ bon dates obtained from the comb-pit ceramics o f the Upper Don sites Ksizovo 6 BP 5820±130 (4995-4371 BC) (Ki-13307) and Ivnitsa BP 5840±90 (4932-4494 BC) (Ki-16638), where the tribes were faced with the population o f the Srednedonskaya culture. This interaction is evidenced by the appearance, in prick-ornament eeramics, o f a broken stone temper. However, interaction between the Srednedonskaya Neolithic and the Lyalovskaya cultures occurs at its greatest extent in the late stages o f Lyolovskaya development in the first ha lf o f the IV millennium BC. This is confirmed by ra­ diocarbon dating from tlie Yamnoe 1 site o f BP 4960±90 (3970- 3630 BC) (K i-16635) and BP 4910±80 (3950-3620 BC) (Ki- 16637). The process o f interaetion manifested itself most vividly through some o f tlie materials from settlements Universitetskaya 3, Ksizovo 6, settlement 1 near Pervomaisky lesnichestvo, and Yam- noye. A few materials from this period were also found in the site lots o f Vasilyevsky Cordon 1, Savitsky 1, Vasilyevsky Cordon 5, and Ivnitsa. A distinctive feature o f these ceramics is the arrange­ ment o f the pits in a checkerboard pattern on the vessels, and the presence o f negatives from the dimple impressions. The pits are even, probably made by a belemnite stamp., It would seem that, at the latest stages o f contact, there appeared prick-pits pottery with pit-filled fields organized in a row; negatives from dimpled im­ pressions were carefully smoothed out. The pits were often oval. 194