Смольянинов Р.В., Ранний неолит Верхнего Дона

Смольянинов Р.В., Ранний неолит Верхнего Дона

__________________________ Summary __________________________ SUMMARY Over many years o f archaeological research, researchers have repeatedly noted that the territory o f the Upper Don in the Neolith­ ic was a zone o f active ethnic contact for various population groups. To a greater extent than anywhere, archaeological sites o f jus t such border areas (forest and steppe borders) contain infor­ mation to address the issues o f synchronization o f material com­ plexes and study the formation o f new ethnic and cultural groups, as well as their mutual contacts. To date, the Don River basin is one o f the most studied re­ gions o f the country, in terms o f Neolithic studies. Within the rela­ tively small terriloiy' o f the Upper Don, more than 150 Neolithic monuments are known, o f which more than 60 have been excavat­ ed. The history o f the study o f Neolithic archaeological sites in the Upper Don territory can be divided into three chronological stages. The first stage (beginning in the 40s o f the XX century) is characterized by the accumulation o f sources from the Neolithic era and the first attempts to systematize the materials obtained. Ar­ chaeological research at this stage was episodic in nature. It was conducted by such researchers as A.I. Milyutin, S.N. Zamyatnin, N.V. Valukinsky, A.A. Kirpichov, and E.I. Inozemtsev; the first excavations o f the Neolithic monument on the Upper Don were carried out by S.N. Zamyatnin and L. Dintsesom in 1928. The beginning o f the second stage is marked by the more sys­ tematic scientific research o f the 50s through to the start o f the 70s o f the last century. The research o f V.L. Foss, M.E. Foss, V.P. Le- venka, B.G. Tikhonova, A.D. Pryakhina, A.T. Sinyuka, A.Z. Vin­ nikova, and A.Yu. Klokov, as well as the fees o f local historians, significantly expanded the source base o f the Upper Don Neolithic. At this time, the sites o f Podzorovo 1, Podzorovo 2, Glinishche, Rybnoye Ozero 1, Rybnoye Ozero 2, Yarlukovskaya Protoka, Dol- goye, Savitskoye, Lobovskaya, Universitetskiye 1-4, Shilovskaya 1 . The designation o f the third stage (end o f the 1980s - to the present) is associated with a return to work focused on the study o f Neolithic-era monuments. In 1988-1989, A.N. Bessudnov con­ ducted conservation excavations o f the multi-layer settlement, Stu- denovka 3. At this stage, as a result o f the work o f B.A. Folomeev, 181

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