Смольянинов Р.В., Ранний неолит Верхнего Дона
__________________________ Summary __________________________ SUMMARY Over many years o f archaeological research, researchers have repeatedly noted that the territory o f the Upper Don in the Neolith ic was a zone o f active ethnic contact for various population groups. To a greater extent than anywhere, archaeological sites o f jus t such border areas (forest and steppe borders) contain infor mation to address the issues o f synchronization o f material com plexes and study the formation o f new ethnic and cultural groups, as well as their mutual contacts. To date, the Don River basin is one o f the most studied re gions o f the country, in terms o f Neolithic studies. Within the rela tively small terriloiy' o f the Upper Don, more than 150 Neolithic monuments are known, o f which more than 60 have been excavat ed. The history o f the study o f Neolithic archaeological sites in the Upper Don territory can be divided into three chronological stages. The first stage (beginning in the 40s o f the XX century) is characterized by the accumulation o f sources from the Neolithic era and the first attempts to systematize the materials obtained. Ar chaeological research at this stage was episodic in nature. It was conducted by such researchers as A.I. Milyutin, S.N. Zamyatnin, N.V. Valukinsky, A.A. Kirpichov, and E.I. Inozemtsev; the first excavations o f the Neolithic monument on the Upper Don were carried out by S.N. Zamyatnin and L. Dintsesom in 1928. The beginning o f the second stage is marked by the more sys tematic scientific research o f the 50s through to the start o f the 70s o f the last century. The research o f V.L. Foss, M.E. Foss, V.P. Le- venka, B.G. Tikhonova, A.D. Pryakhina, A.T. Sinyuka, A.Z. Vin nikova, and A.Yu. Klokov, as well as the fees o f local historians, significantly expanded the source base o f the Upper Don Neolithic. At this time, the sites o f Podzorovo 1, Podzorovo 2, Glinishche, Rybnoye Ozero 1, Rybnoye Ozero 2, Yarlukovskaya Protoka, Dol- goye, Savitskoye, Lobovskaya, Universitetskiye 1-4, Shilovskaya 1 . The designation o f the third stage (end o f the 1980s - to the present) is associated with a return to work focused on the study o f Neolithic-era monuments. In 1988-1989, A.N. Bessudnov con ducted conservation excavations o f the multi-layer settlement, Stu- denovka 3. At this stage, as a result o f the work o f B.A. Folomeev, 181
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